Concept-based important MCQs: Environmental Science

Environmental Science Concept-based MCQs

Welcome to the COMPETITIVE EXAM MCQs SERIES of ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE for UGC-NET/JRF, SLET, ARS, GATE, and other entrance tests.

Concept-based important MCQs are primarily based on the syllabus of UGC-NET/JRF, SLET, and GATE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. Each chapter contains 25 MCQs with a single correct answer.

Unit-1: Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences

  1. Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
  2. Laws of thermodynamics
  3. Meteorological parameters
  4. Interaction between Earth, Humans and Environment
  5. Resources and their assessment
  6. Bio-geographic provinces of the world
  7. Agro-climatic zones of India
  8. Principles of Remote Sensing and GIS
  9. Environmental education and awareness
  10. Environmental ethics
  11. Concept of sustainable development

Unit-2: Environmental Chemistry

  1. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry
  2. Composition of air
  3. Chemical speciation
  4. Hydrological cycle
  5. Water as a universal solvent
  6. Inorganic and organic components of soils
  7. Biogeochemical cycles
  8. Toxic chemicals
  9. Airborne Carcinogens
  10. Principles of Analytical Methods

Unit-3: Environmental Biology

  1. Fundamentals of Ecology
  2. Origin of life and speciation
  3. Ecosystem Structure and Functions
  4. Ecological Succession and Species Diversity
  5. Basis of Ecosystem Classification & Biomes
  6. Population ecology
  7. Community ecology
  8. Biodiversity and its conservation
  9. Concept of Industrial Ecology
  10. Environmental Biotechnology

Unit-4: Environmental Geosciences

  1. Origin of Earth
  2. Concept of Minerals and Rocks
  3. Geophysical Fields
  4. Weathering
  5. Identification and Characterisation of Clay Minerals
  6. Earth’s Thermal Environment and Seasons
  7. Geochemical Classification of Elements
  8. Hydrogeology and Hydrology
  9. Natural Resources Exploration and Exploitation
  10. Natural Hazards

Unit-5: Energy and Environment

  1. Solar Energy and Environmental Resilience
  2. Fossil Fuels and Environmental Costs
  3. Shale Oil, Coal Bed Methane and Gas Hydrates
  4. Hydropower, Tidal and Thermal Energy
  5. Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy
  6. Nuclear Reactors and Environmental Harmony
  7. Biomass and Bioenergy
  8. Environmental Implications of Energy Use
  9. Exploitation of Renewable Energy Resources

Unit-6: Environmental Pollution and Control

  1. Air Pollution and Control
  2. Sampling and Monitoring of Air Pollutants
  3. Noise Pollution and Control
  4. Water Pollution and Control
  5. Measurement of Water Quality Parameters
  6. Drinking Water Treatment
  7. Analysis of Soil Quality
  8. Soil Microorganisms and their Functions
  9. Radioactive, Thermal and Marine Pollution

Unit-7: Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

  1. Characterization of Solid and Hazardous Waste
  2. Solid Waste Collection and Transportation
  3. Solid Waste Processing and Recovery
  4. Electrical Energy from Solid Waste
  5. Disposal of Solid and Hazardous Waste
  6. Hazardous Waste Management
  7. Electronic Waste Management
  8. Sources and Management of Fly Ash
  9. Sources and Management of Plastic Waste

Unit-8: Environmental Assessment, Management, and Legislation

  1. Environmental Impact Assessment and Statement
  2. Environmental Management Plan
  3. Environmental Management System
  4. Risk Assessment and Management
  5. Environmental Laws in India
  6. National Forest Policy and Governance in India
  7. National Water Policy and Its Implementation in India
  8. National Environmental Policy of India
  9. Environmental Conventions and Agreements
  10. Environmental Governance by International Institutions: IPCC, UNEP, and IGBP

Unit-9: Statistical Approaches and Modelling in Environmental Sciences

  1. Environmental Statistical Approaches for Attributes and Variables
  2. Measurement of Central Tendency and Dispersion
  3. Skewness and Kurtosis with Statistical Moments
  4. Concepts of Probability Theory
  5. Environmental Statistics and Sampling Theory
  6. Applied Statistical Distributions
  7. Statistical Significance and Confidence Limits
  8. Approaches to the Development of Environmental Models
  9. Models of Population Growth and Interactions

Unit-10: Contemporary Environmental Issues

  1. Global Environmental Issues
  2. India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change
  3. International Efforts for Environmental Protection
  4. Environmental Issues of Water Resource Projects
  5. Water Conservation and Watershed Development
  6. Rainwater harvesting and Groundwater recharge
  7. India’s National River Conservation Plan
  8. Climate Change and Global Warming
  9. Forest Conservation and Wildlife Conservation Projects
  10. Environmental Challenges of Waste Management
  11. Environmental Disasters and Their Management

References

  1. Eldon D. Enger and Bradley F. Smith (2022). Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, McGraw-Hill LLC, 16th edition
  2. Richard Goody (1995). Principles of Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1st Edition.
  3. Frederick K. Lutgens, Edward J. Tarbuck, Redina L. Herman (2019). The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Pearson, 14th edition.
  4. John H. Seinfeld, Spyros N. Pandis (2016). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition.
  5. Kalliat T. Valsaraj and Elizabeth M. Melvin (2018). Principles of Environmental Thermodynamics and Kinetics, CRC Press, 4th edition.
  6. Louis J. Thibodeaux, Jerald L. Schnoor (1979). Environmental Chemodynamics: Movement of Chemicals in Air, Water, and Soil, Wiley-Interscience Series of Texts and Monographs. 1st Edition.
  7. C. Donald Ahrens and Rober Henson (2022). Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Cengage Learning, 13th edition.
  8. Jay H Withgott and Matthew Laposata (2015). Environment: The Science behind the Stories, Pearson, 5th edition
  9. Edward O. Wilson (2010). The Diversity of Life, Harvard University Press, 1st edition.
  10. H.M. Saxena (2017). Environmental Geography, Rawat Publications, 3rd edition.
  11. Taruna Bansal, Agro-Climatic Regions of India, e-PG Pathshala (INFLIBNET)
  12. M. S. Swaminathan (1999). Sustainable Agriculture: Towards Food Security, Konar Publishers Pvt Ltd, Delhi, 1st edition.
  13. Lillesand, T. M., Kiefer, R. W., & Chipman, J. W. (2015). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, 7th edition.
  14. M. Anji Reddy (2014). Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, BS Publications, 4th edition.
  15. Stephen M. Gardiner, Allen Thompson (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics, Oxford University Press, 1st edition.
  16. Vandana Shiva (20186 Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability and Peace, Natraj Publishers, Revised edition.
  17. Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2018). Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage Learning, 7th edition.
  18. Gary D. Christian, Purnendu K. Dasgupta, Kevin A. Schug (2013). Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 7th edition.
  19. Manahan, Stanley E. (2008). Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press, 3rd Edition.
  20. Mahapatra, P.K. (2006). Textbook of Environmental Biotechnology, I.K. International, 1st Edition.
  21. Edward A. Keller (2022). Introduction to Environmental Geology, Pearson, 5th Edition.
  22. Sharma, P. D. (2017). Environmental Biology and Toxicology, Rastogi Publications, 3rd Edition.
  23. Metcalf & Eddy (2014). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery, McGraw-Hill Education, 5th edition.
  24. APHA (2022). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 24th Edition, American Public Health Association.
  25. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (2006). EIA Notification 2006 and Amendments. Government of India
  26. M. Anji Reddy (2026). Environmental Impact Assessment: Theory and Practice, BS Publications, 1st Edition.
  27. Gupta, S.P. (2021). Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, 46th Edition.
  28. Barnett, V. (2004). Environmental Statistics: Methods and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1st Edition.
  29. Manly, B.F.J. (2008). Statistics for Environmental Science and Management, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2nd Edition.
  30. Wright, Richard T. and Boorse, Dorothy F. (2017). Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future, Pearson, 13th Edition.
  31. Rajagopalan R. (2015). Environmental Studies from Crisis to Cure, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition.
  32. Aggarwal, J. C. (2024). Education for Values, Environment and Human Rights, Shipra Publication, 1st Edition.
  33. Sachs, J. D. (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development, Columbia University Press, Revised Edition.
  34. De, Anil Kumar and De, Arnab Kumar (2024). Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, 11th Edition.
  35. Odum, Eugene P., and Barrett, Gary W. (2004). Fundamentals of Ecology, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 5th Edition.
  36. Gupta, O.P. (2023). Elements of Solid & Hazardous Waste Management, Khanna Publishing House, 1st Edition.
  37. Sands, P., & Peel, J. (2018). Principles of International Environmental Law, Cambridge University Press, 4th Edition.
  38. Erach Bharucha (2017). Environmental Studies, Universities Press, 4th Edition.
  39. Singh, J.S., Gupta, S.R., Singh, S.P. & Singh, R. (2026). Ecology, Environmental Science and Conservation, S Chand Publishing, 2nd Edition.
  40. Divan, Shyam (2022). Environmental Law and Policy in India, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition.
  41. Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (2006). National Environmental Policy (NEP) 2006, Government of India.
  42. Smith, K. (2013). Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster, Routledge, 6th Edition.

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