COMPETITIVE EXAM MCQs SERIES of ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE for UGC-NET/JRF, SLET, ARS, GATE, and other entrance tests – National Forest Policy and Governance in India.
Syllabus Outline
- Constitutional provisions (Articles 48A, 51A(g)) and the historical development of forest policies.
- National Forest Policy of 1952, 1988, and the proposed 2023 policy.
- The Indian Forest Act, 1927.
- Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 & Amendment (2023).
- Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.
- Social forestry, agroforestry and Integrated Forest Management.
- National Afforestation Programme.
- The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
- Challenges with National Forest Policy and Governance in India.
This quiz contains the concept-based most frequently asked 25 MCQs of “National Forest Policy and Governance in India“. Each question has a single correct/most appropriate answer.
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1. According to the National Forest Policy, 1988, which area requires a massive afforestation and social forestry program?
a) Urban areas
b) Coastal tracts
c) Industrial zones
d) Desert areas
2. According to the National Forest Policy, 1988, which activity is listed as a reason for the depletion of forests in India?
I – Urbanization
II – Industrialization
III – Mining
IV – Extension of agriculture
a) I only
b) I and II
c) I, II and III
d) I, II, III and IV
3. What measures are recommended in the National Forest Policy to enhance forest cover and productivity in ecologically sensitive areas like Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala?
I – Implementing strict regulations on tree felling
II – Promoting sustainable agroforestry practices
III – Establishing wildlife sanctuaries and encouraging eco-tourism
II – Encouraging commercial logging for economic growth
a) I only
b) I and II
c) I, II and III
d) I, II, III and IV
4. According to the National Forest Policy, 1988, what percentage of India’s geographical area should be under forest cover?
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 33%
d) 40%
5. Which of the following is a significant aspect of the National Forest Policy, 1988?
a) Encouragement of monoculture
b) Promotion of non-timber forest products
c) Conversion of forest land for agricultural purposes
d) Privatization of forest resources
6. In which year does the major amendment of the Forest Conservation Act take place?
a) 1976
b) 1988
c) 1980
d) 1971
7. Which approach does the National Forest Policy of 1988 advocate for addressing forest degradation?
a) Technological advancement
b) Community-based forest management
c) Restriction of logging activities
d) Expansion of forest areas
8. According to the National Forest Policy, 1988, what is the recommended percentage of forest cover in hill areas?
a) 20%
b) 33%
c) 60%
d) 40%
9. Which legislative act supports the objectives of the National Forest Policy by regulating forest land use?
a) Environment Protection Act, 1986
b) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
c) Biological Diversity Act, 2002
d) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
10. What could be the reasons for the loss of forests in India?
I – Extinction of species
II – Increasing use of chemical pesticides
III – Building dams and mining
IV – Extensive urbanization
a) I only
b) I and III
c) III and IV
d) II and IV
11. The National Forest Policy of 1988 advocates for the extension of which type of forestry to increase tree cover.
a) Commercial forestry
b) Agroforestry
c) Plantation forestry
d) Urban forestry
12. The National Forest Policy, 1988, emphasizes the importance of which type of forests for maintaining ecological balance.
a) Industrial forests
b) Mangrove forests
c) Urban forests
d) Monoculture plantations
13. The policy recommends the development of which type of forest as a strategy to combat desertification.
a) Commercial forests
b) Protective forests
c) Recreational forests
d) Production forests
14. Which policy measure is suggested by the National Forest Policy to control shifting cultivation?
a) Relocation of tribal communities
b) Providing alternative livelihoods and agricultural practices
c) Increasing logging activities
d) Expanding urban settlements
15. Forestry outside the conventional forests which primarily aims at providing a continuous flow of goods and services for the benefit of people is called?
a) Community forestry
b) Extension forestry
c) Farm forestry
d) Social Forestry
16. The National Forest Policy, 1988, stresses the importance of which type of species for afforestation.
a) Exotic species
b) Indigenous species
c) Fast-growing commercial species
d) Invasive species
17. According to the National Forest Policy, the conversion of forest land for non-forest purposes should be:
a) Promoted
b) Prohibited
c) Subject to strict regulation and limited
d) Encouraged for industrial development
18. The policy emphasizes the importance of which type of forest products for rural development.
a) Timber products
b) Non-timber forest products
c) Petroleum products
d) Rural goods
19. What role does the Central Government play in State forest management according to the National Forest Policy?
a) Issuing necessary guidelines and monitoring compliance of forest management plans
b) Directly managing all State Forests without State Involvement
c) Providing financial support for all forestry activities
d) Restricting commercial logging projects
20. How does the National Forest Policy suggest narrowing the gap between demand and supply of fuelwood by the turn of the century?
a) By importing fuelwood
b) By sustainable fuelwood plantations
c) By reducing the use of fuelwood through alternative energy sources
d) By increasing fuelwood extraction
21. The policy’s stance on the use of forests for tourism is:
a) Prohibitive
b) Encouraging
c) Unrestricted
d) Discouraging
22. Who is responsible for implementing forest management practices?
a) Central government in collaboration with state government
b) State governments in collaboration with local communities
c) Central government in collaboration with local communities
d) International organizations in collaboration with central government
23. According to the National Forest Policy, which is the main threat to forest ecosystems?
a) Afforestation
b) Monoculture plantations
c) Biodiversity conservation
d) Agroforestry
24. According to the National Forest Policy, which region of India needs total safeguarding of tropical rain/moist forests?
a) Rajasthan
b) Arunachal Pradesh
c) Maharashtra
d) Tamil Nadu
25. What is the principal aim of the National Forest Policy?
a) Economic development with minimum environmental impact
b) Environmental stability and ecological balance
c) Achievement of sustainable goal through forest conservation
d) Social welfare
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References
- Divan, S. & Rosencranz, A. (2021) Environmental Law and Policy in India, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition.
- Singh, G. P. (2022) Forest Laws in India: Policies and Legal Framework, LexisNexis, 4th Edition.
- Kumar, S. (2018) Forest and Wildlife Conservation Laws in India, Regal Publications, 2nd Edition.
- Lal, D. (2021) Sustainable Forest Management in India: Policy and Practice, Thomson Reuters, 1st Edition.
